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According to the Texas Education Code 38.003, "Dyslexia means a disorder of constitutional origin manifested by a difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity." The following are characteristics of dyslexia when they are not the developmentally appropriate characteristics for the age, education and cognitive level.
Dyslexics show difficulty with phonological awareness, processing the speech sounds. They have difficulty segmenting spoken words into individual sounds- mat; m-a-t. They have difficulty in accurately decoding nonsense words. Also they have difficulty in reading single words when they are not in context. Reading becomes extremely difficulty and fluency is slow and innacurate. Reading comprehension is difficult as well as learning the names of the letters and associated sounds. Spelling, rapid naming - vocabulary - and word findings are all difficult. Written composition, learning and saying the alphabet in correct sequence are very difficult.
Dyslexia is considered a learning disability. It is a special learning disability in that it is language-based. The characteristics are mostly based on phonological processing. The characteristics connected to dyslexia result in difficulties with reading, writing and spelling.
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