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A good dictionary is an invaluable tool for anyone who uses the written word and would like to do so more effectively and correctly. Are you familiar though, with the different kinds of dictionaries – and the services that they offer?
There are three basic types of dictionary. They are the compact, historical and general purpose dictionary. The compact dictionary is, naturally, a small pocket sized variety that is somewhat limited in the scope of it’s content. The historical dictionary, on the other hand, is an exhaustive volume that specialises in the history of words. It enlarges on where words come from and how they acquired their present meaning. The general purpose dictionary lies somewhere between these two extremes. This is the most common version that people would have in their home and is the best for everyday use.
The functions of the general purpose dictionary are to provide definitions, proper pronounciation, correct spelling and derivations as well as any restrictive labels attached to a word. Lets consider these individually.
Definitions: It is embarrassing to use a word out of proper context, so consulting a dictionary for unfamiliar definitions is essential. Many words have more than one meaning. By using a dictionary you can determine which meaning applies to the sentence you are considering. Some dictionaries help you out further by giving specimen phrases of correct word useage.
Pronounciation: Pronounciation of a particular word may vary from region to region, so a dictionary will give the generally accepted pronounciation. There are at least 47 sounds in the English language. Dictionary compilers have devised ways to represent these sounds. The most commonly used method is to use accent marks above emphasized letters. The dictionary will provide an explanatory table to explain the system used. The dictionary will also use italics to indicate the syllable in a word to be stressed.
Spelling: In the English language, words are often spelt quite differently to how they sound. Many rules of grammar – such as ‘i’ before ‘e’ except after ‘c’ also have their exceptions. Thank goodness for the spelling function of your dictionary.
Derivations: Etymology, the study of word derivation, is a feature of your dictionary. This can bring words to life, and expand your knowledge base in a fascinating way.
Restrictive Labels: If a word is marked ‘informal’, ‘colloquial’ or ‘slang’ it shouldn’t be used in formal settings. These labels, then, signal caution in their use.
Becoming more familiar with, and regularly consulting, your dictionary will open up the English language to you. As a result your speech will be richer and your written communications more fluent. What a fine reward for a little time invested in your dictionary.
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