Generally people use a very fine Egyptian cotton thread. Some use a 30, but you can get a finer thread of 180 or 200 now. Those are very fine threads, almost like hair. Other threads out there are silk and linen. Linen is a little bit coarser than cotton. They just don't make it like they used to. It's not appropriate for the finest laces, because it's not a fine enough thread. However, it does make beautiful crisp pieces requiring a course thread.
There are lots of colors to choose from. Traditionally in the 20th century and today, people use a lot of white, but there is a lot of evidence that some of the historical laces were made in colors. Some were even made with gold and silver threads, particularly during the Renaissance. Most of the very fine threads are white or grey, but in the slightly courser threads and silks, there are lots of colors. People like to work with silk. It's a little slippery, but it produces a beautiful piece and has a beautiful sheen to it. When you get into the fine threads, your chances of breaking the thread and having to do repairs are pretty high. We have techniques to deal with that.
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