They are ceramic microspheres. They are microscopic spheres made of ceramic that has a hollow vacuum at the center. The technology behind microspheres was developed by NASA when they were researching ways to inflate space shuttles, when it was still just an idea on the drawing board.
In our application, it works on two levels. The recipe of fuel is similar in composition to the space shuttle tiles. What it does is it reflects heat, just like a mirror will reflect your image right back to you. Ceramic is a very generic term. There are literally thousands of different kinds of ceramics. Ceramics can even be engineered to be one of the best heat absorbers on the face of the earth. A real popular item out there right now, the flat iron, is made out of ceramic. Those ceramics are designed to actually hold heat and they do a wonderful job of it.
In the center of the ceramics it is hollow, but it is actually a vacuum. One of the primary principles of physics states that neither heat nor sound can transfer through a vacuum. So both parts of the equation are equally important. Either one would do a great job by itself, but when you are able to combine both aspects of this, that is when you get unmatched performance.
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