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Overview
Many children with cerebral palsy have a corresponding condition called sensory integration dysfunction, which can be treated with therapy. The problems are directly related to the neurological damage causing cerebral palsy and its corresponding physical effects. Sensory integration dysfunction is also commonly found in children with autism and attention deficit disorder and causes difficulty organizing sensory perceptions.
Identification
Sensory integration dysfunction causes problems in processing information from the five senses, along with the sense of movement and the proprioceptive sense. The proprioceptive sense tells us where the parts of our bodies are, and how we connect with other objects. Unusual responses to these senses is prevalent in children with cerebral palsy.
Responsiveness
Children with cerebral palsy can display sensory integration dysfunction in many ways. They may be overly responsive to outside stimuli or not responsive enough. One child avoids contact with the outside world as much as possible, while the other seeks extra stimulation to the point of aggravating others around him. Children with sensory integration dysfunction may be hypersensitive to certain types of tactile stimulation and avoid it as much as possible. For instance, they may cry if they have to touch a certain type of fabric.
Auditory and Visual Issues
Common sensory integration problems seen in cerebral palsy are auditory and visual. Although the physical organs function properly, the messages to and from the brain are disrupted. The child may not respond to speech or may be unable to figure out where a sound is coming from. He might not be able to recognize certain people's voices. A child with visual issues may have trouble using words to define objects or be unable to find an object in plain view.
Sense of Taste
Some children with cerebral palsy have a heightened sense of taste, which can turn them into extremely picky eaters. They may only be willing to eat a very limited variety of foods and refuse to eat anywhere that is unfamiliar. They also may lick or chew on inedible items.
Therapy
These children must learn to use their senses properly so they can function effectively and achieve as much independence as possible. Sensory integration therapy allows children to become accustomed to a wide variety of different textures, often using numerous toys. The therapist also teaches children to judge where their body parts are, and how their head, hands, arms, feet and legs connect with the outside world. They work with children on auditory problems by judging how long it takes for them to process sounds and having them practice following instructions. In addition, they work on physical education activities to promote balance and a better sense of movement and to improve eye-hand coordination. The therapy is designed to be fun and typically takes place in a playroom.
