In Boston, Massachusetts in 1812; American Cut Glass was born. Thomas Caines worked for the Boston Crown Glass Company making glass for windows. He showed the owner of the company how to make a finer grade of flint glass; the early stages of American Cut Glass. In 1820, he struck out on his own with a flint glass crystal shop he called the Phoenix Glass Works. This new cut glass shop stayed open 50 years; 27 years longer than the Boston Crown Glass Company.
Even though glass has been cut for over two hundred years in America, there was the creation of what was called American Brilliant Cut Glass in the later part of the 19th century. This glass was a higher degree of clarity and brilliance than the former American Cut Glass. During this time, according to the book “American Brilliant Cut Glass” by Boggess, there were three distinct cut glass periods.
The Early Period
Defined as 1830-1876, this era’s cutters were mostly European. This era’s glass had shallow cuts with simple etched patterns or engravings. Most items were lamp fixtures and only a rare few were tableware pieces. It was a simple pattern and easy method to forge. This period showed an increase in interest, but not of quality.
The Brilliant Period
Defined as 1876-1906, this thirty year period started at the Centennial Exposition in Philly. The glass had more developed designs, a purer grade of glass, and was heavier. There was much more variety in the pieces and designs in this era than in the Early Period. This period showed an increase in the quality and the artistry of design than earlier times, and saw a higher degree of consumer purchases.
The Flower Period
Defined as 1906-1916, this brief decade showed a “back to nature” design pattern with flowers, butterflies, and birds. Daisies were very dominant as the flower of choice. In an effort to keep costs low, the quality of the glass decreased. With lesser quality and a production line feel to the glass, interest waned and the pieces of this era aren’t nearly as collectible as the Brilliant Period.
What to Look For in Quality American Cut Glass
- Unique features and oddities mean higher value. Look for items with handles than normally do not.
- Hand polished pieces instead of acid polished means better quality. Acid baths tend to dim the shine and brilliance of the glass.
- A Signature makes it more desirable. Be familiar with the typical company’s marking.
- Large pieces are valued more; especially with silver mountings. Smaller pieces are easier to keep safe and avoid repairs.
- Fluorescence under UV light; forged pieces aren’t fluorescent.
-Chips, cracks, impurities in the glass, forged signatures, new glass being sold as “antique”, cloudy glass, repairs; all bring down value.
Remember true colored American Cut Glass is rare and almost never seen. Take extreme caution with a seller who has many pieces to sell. Your local bookstore will have a good collector book to help in your research of American Cut Glass.
