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Overview
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) breast cancer is one of the top ten leading causes of death in women in the United States. Although breast cancer is more common in women, it also occurs in men. Although it can affect men of any age, breast cancer more commonly affects men between the ages of 60 and 70 years of age. According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, it is estimated that each year 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. Early detection is imperative in increasing the survival rate of women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Features
Cancer develops when cells in the body mutate and multiply out of control. Breast cancer occurs when a cancerous tumor develops in the breast. According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. Although breast cancer can develop in women of any age, there is a higher incidence in women 40 to 50 years of age.
Symptoms
The most common symptom is a lump that is found in or near the breast. The lump may also develop in the underarm area. There may be pain and tenderness in the breast as well. Changes in the size or shape of the breast may also occur. The skin of the nipple may change appearing puckered or scaly. There may be swelling, redness or discharge from the nipple.
Risk Factors
There are several factors that may increase the risk of breast cancer. These include a family history of breast cancer, breast implants, increased age and having a first pregnancy after the age of thirty among other factors. Ethnicity can also play a role in increased risk for breast cancer. According to WomenFitness.net, Asian women have the lowest risk of developing breast cancer while Caucasian and African American women have a higher incidence.
Diagnosis
If a woman notices any changes in her breast she should see her physician immediately. It is important to have a yearly mammogram because it can detect breast cancer even when no symptoms are present. It is a crucial step in early detection and treatment of breast cancer. Blood tests and a biopsy (removal of a piece of tissue for examination) as well as other tests may be done for proper diagnosis of breast cancer.
Treatment
Treatment options for breast cancer depend on the type of cancer and the extent of its development. Hormone therapy and chemotherapy are two possible treatment options. Surgery may be necessary to remove a malignant tumor. This is referred to as a lumpectomy. A mastectomy refers to the removal of the breast or a large portion of the breast. Reconstructive surgery can be done following a mastectomy.
Considerations
While breast cancer may not be prevented entirely there are steps that can be taken to reduce one's risk of breast cancer. Eat a well balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in fat. Don't smoke. Get help to quit smoking if you already do. Drink alcohol in moderation. If you are overweight enlist the aid of your physician to develop a healthy weight loss plan. Limit your intake of caffeine. Learn how to perform a breast self-examination and do it regularly. Get a mammogram yearly. Early detection could save a life.
