Each time you load up your backpack for a trip into the woods or mountains, you likely put in the essentials such as a sleeping bag, tent, compass, map, matches, food, and water, a first aid kit, as well as some other items. However, in addition to the previously listed items you probably put in the backpack without even giving it much thought, you also need to pack some items to prepare you for unexpected, extreme weather conditions.
Extreme weather conditions could be many different types of weather: extreme temperature (hot or cold), rain, storms or snow. It is imperative to be prepared for this weather regardless of how wonderful the weather forecast appears when you are preparing for your trip.
No matter what the conditions, you always should have extra water, a water filtration device, and emergency water purification tablets. It is obvious that in extreme heat you will want water, but the same is true in the cold weather. While you may not feel as thirsty, you still will want to drink enough water each day to keep from growing dehydrated and lethargic. If there is a lot of rain the rivers may flood or run very quickly thus making it difficult to use a portable water filtration unit. That's when the water purification tablets come into play. The iodine in the tablets will kill harmful bacteria and make it safe for you to ingest.
Waterproof matches are essential on any trip in which extreme weather may be of concern. Waterproof matches will allow you to make fire on your stove for cooking or to burn wood, if necessary, for warmth. The waterproof type is significant because even the most waterproof bags often begin to leak after a few days of heavy rains -- the matches should be stored in a plastic bag in an inner pocket for extra security that they will ignite when necessary.
An emergency blanket is key in a variety of situations. If there is a lot of rain and the trail is washed out, you could get stranded. Then, you can use the silver, reflective nature of the blanket to capture light and reflect up to the sky in hopes of a helicopter, plane, or person on higher ground seeing you and being able to send help. In cases of extreme cold, hypothermia is a concern. The emergency blanket can be used to wrap up and keep out cold and wetness, therefore keeping you warm.
An emergency rain poncho is a lightweight addition to any backpack. These ponchos typically can be purchased folded into small rectangular packages. The plastic of which they are made is thin, but it does the duty of keeping the rain off of you when a summer storm sneaks up on you while you are hiking. Additionally, the poncho can be used as a cover for your backpack at night in order to keep off dew and frost.
A tarp and some twine (or rope) are good to have in cases of extreme weather conditions. The tarp can be strung over trees to build an emergency shelter. The tarp can be used to keep people and equipment dry -- or even wrapped around people to keep them warm. Also, the tarp can protect from the sun should it be very strong and burning.
If available, a GPS device and a two-way radio are good to pack in case of extreme weather situations during which you could get lost or stranded. The GPS device will allow you to pinpoint where you are. The two-way radio will allow you to call for help. Finally, extra food and some dry clothing is important to have should the weather conditions change and you be forced to camp in an extreme weather situation.
